This study aims to evaluate the revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness of Vietnam's agricultural export commodities to the global market in the period 2005-2020 according to the comparative advantage indices proposed by Balassa and use some additional indicators, and considers the stability and potentiality of these indicators. The research results show that: (i) Vietnam has revealed comparative advantage and the revealed competitiveness for commodities codes HS03, 08, 10, 11, 14, 16; (ii) Revealed comparative advantage, unrevealed competitiveness for commodity code HS09; (iii) Unrevealed comparative advantage and revealed competitiveness for the commodities codes HS20, 22, 24. In addition, when looking at the stability and status of the indexes, most of the comparative advantages and competitiveness of agricultural product groups are unstable, and many groups of advantage products gradually disappear over time. Policy implications indicate that the grouping of product codes will help to develop an appropriate policy to promote comparative advantage and develop an effective export strategy for each group of agricultural products.